In this paper, the importance of perception and assertion as the basic elements of cognition is discussed. Perception and assertion, which are taken from Greek philosophical heritage, have been accepted by most of the Islamic scholars and philosophers. These two concepts, though very important, are not very clear in understanding. The author believes if the way of looking at these concepts changes, it can solve many problems. What is argued in this article is that, in contrast with the common belief, perception is a kind of assertion. In other words, what is acceptable for human being is only assertion. That is what takes place in ontological and epistemological dimension is assertion. This assertion is either the assertion of "what is" or then the assertion of "relationship of something to the other." With this interpretation, assertion is categorized in action and the self (soul) in knowing things acts actively. In propositions, we must look at the subjects of the clauses not to the clauses themselves. The propositions can get the adjectives of correspondence and no correspondence. Knowledge takes place if anything presents itself before the self-conscious of self, if it accepts it. This acceptance is a kind of action. Meanwhile, wisdom is present, observes everything, and confirms this action. Thus, the perception and assertion are kinds of Self (soul)'s actions and are categorized in possession category.

Here I present a critical edition of one of Ibn Sina`s short treatises containing subtle points in logic. So far only half of it, which is not devoid of errors, has been published in the margins of Mulla Sadra`s commentary on the book: al-Hidaya al-Athiriyya, in the lithographic edition. My critical edition is based on three manuscripts from the libraries of Istanbul and a manuscript from the Senate House of Iran library (Majles-e-Sena), in addition to the above mentioned incomplete lithographic edition.Some of the features of this treatise in contrast to Ibn Sina`s other logical writings are: the priority given to 'assertion' (tasdiq) over 'conception' (tasawwur); a brief but comprehensive classification of the four human faculties; a different definition for 'proposition'; and the classification of propositions into 'predicative', 'connective' and 'disjunctive', without mentioning the conditional. Furthermore, it should be noted that in this treatise singular propositions are confined to predicative ones.

The research shows that that an emotional intelligence increases individuals' capabilities against stress and any other environmental factors (Bar-on-1997). Subexpremental method was used in this study. Forty poor students were placed in two equal experimental and control group, (their GPA was below 12). The educational intervention involved 10 sessions of teaching emotional intelligence skills. Self-efficacy and general health of the students were surveyed by using ASRI questionnaire, Shirzs, self-efficacy, and GHQ as pre-test and post-test with considering the effect of emotional intelligence on the power of assertiveness.

This paper reviews the relationship between self-assertion and socialpersonal adjustment in female university students of Masjed Soleiman; thus, 336 female university students were selected using stratified random sampling. Having assessed by "Self-Assertion and Social-Personal Adjustment Questionnaires" investigations have found a significant positive relationship between self-assertion, social-personal adjustment and its subscales.

The present study was conducted to investigate the relationships between self-efficacy, empowerment and happiness with self-assertion of school teachers in Isfahan city. The research method was correlation and the statistical population was primary school teachers in Isfahan, from whom a sample of 100 persons was selected through two-stages clustered sampling. The research instruments included Adult Self-assertion Guestionnaire (Gay, Halendorth and Gallasi’s, 1975), Empowerment Scale (Espriritzer, 1995), General Self-efficacy Scale (Schuartz and Juresalem’s 1995), and Oxford Questionnaire of Happiness (Argyle and Loo, 1989). The data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient as well as multiple regression. The results indicated that all the variables under study Were related with each other, significantly (P<0.01). Moreover, through examining the degree of relationship between self-assertion variable with other variables it became clear that if all variables entered into equation, self-efficacy and happiness would relate significantly with self-assertion; but empowerment would not relate significantly with self-assertion.